Minggu, 30 April 2017
Senin, 03 April 2017
SYNONYM, ANTONYM, AND HYPONYM
Background :
Semantic is one of branches of linguistics that study of meaning. It is
a wide subject within the general study of language. The study of semantics
includes the study of how meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified,
obscured, illustrated, simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased.
In other word, semantic is
a central area in linguistics. Actually, there are so many important topic
in semantic, among others : Symbol and Referent ; Euphemism; Denotation,
Connotation and Implication; Ambiguity; Metaphor; Simile; Synonym, Antonym, and
Hyponym; Collocation; Metonymy and Synecdoche; Hyperbole; Polysemy; Homonymy,
Homophones and Homographs; Proverb; Idiom; etc..
But now, the
writer going to explain about Semantic
relations or meaning relations are words that are semantically related to other
words. Semantic relations are considered in terms of the following relations of
Synonym, Antonym, and Hyponym.
Contents :
1. SYNONYM
Synonyms are
words with similar meanings. They are listed in a special type of
dictionary called a thesaurus.
According to Akwanya (1996) in Umera-Okeke
(2008 p. 47) defined
synonyms as “different phonological words having similar meanings”. Beside Palmer (1996) also in Umera-Okeke opined that “synonymy is used to mean sameness
of meaning”.
The Examples :
·
verb
1.
buy / purchase : Membeli
2.
Sell / Market :
Menjual / Memasarkan
·
adjective
1.
Big/ large : besar
2.
Beautiful/attractive/pretty/lovely/stunning : Indah
/ menarik / cantik / indah / menakjubkan
·
adverb
1.
quickly / speedily : dengan cepat
2.
gently / slowly :
dengan lembut/ dengan pelan
·
preposition
1.
on / upon : di atas
2.
below/ down :
di bawah
3.
in front /ahead/afore : di depan
2. ANTONYM
Antonyms are words that have the opposite meaning. Oppositeness is a logical category. There are three types:
·
Graded antonyms deal with levels of the meaning
of the words, like if something is not “good”, it may still not be “bad.”
Examples are :
1)
Fat and skinny
2)
Young and old
3)
Happy and sad
4)
Hard and soft
·
Complementary antonyms have a relationship
where there is no middle ground. There are only two possibilities, either one
or the other.
Examples are :
1)
Man and woman
2)
Push and pull
3)
Dead and alive
4)
Day and night
·
Relational antonyms are sometimes considered a
subcategory of complementary antonyms. With these pairs, for there to be a
relationship, both must exist.
Examples are:
1)
Husband and wife
2)
Doctor and patient
3)
Buy and sell
4)
Servant and master
3. HYPONYM
Hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic
field is included within that of another word, its hyperonym or hypernym.
Hyponymy is the more specific concept and the more general concept is known as
the hypernym. In other word, A hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic
field is more specific than its hypernym.
In simpler terms, a hyponym
shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym. For
example : pigeon, crow, eagle and seagull are
all hyponyms of bird (their hyperonym); which, in turn, is a hyponym
of animal.
Other
Examples are :
·
Manggo- fruit ; Car- vehicles ; table- furniture
; Hen - animal.
·
The verb ‘colour’ has many hyponyms
Word: colour (hypernym)
Hyponyms: blue, red, yellow,
green, white, black, purple and pink.
·
The verb ‘cook’ has many hyponyms.
Word: Cook (hypernym)
Hyponyms: Roast (Memanggang), boil (merebus),
fry (menggoreng), grill (memanggang), bake (membakar).
Look at this
picture !
REFERENCE
Jumat, 24 Maret 2017
Short story - Bestfriend, Love and Dreams
The sun came up,
and I rushed off to school due to celebrate the ceremony of the teachers day. In this day the students
are required to bring a flower to be given to the teachers as a sign of
affection and gratitude for the service that they have given.
Red flower as a
form of the word love dominates among other flower. I didn't forget to bring it
to give to my beloved teacher. Yaa ... even though she was very fierce in the
classroom but very attentive and gentle beyond the classroom.
When I have
given a flover to my math teacher i went to take a wefie with my friends.
Suddenly, someone pats my shoulder from behind. When I look back, I was
surprised to see a white rose in parallel with my eyes.
"This is for you
my girl who is beautiful as a rose."
“For me, are you sure?”
“Of course.”
“But, where the flowers for the teacher?”
"I accidentally bring two roses, red and
white. But white roses special for you."
A smile spread
across my cheeks. Someone and also my bestfriend whose I have admired during
this time unexpectedly gave me a flower. But I didn't expect much, neverthless
I was more surprised when .....
"I love you, Re!"
"Ha?" my eyes widened once heard him
uttered word of love.
"I love you!"
"You don't kidding me, do you?"
"I'm serious .. I love you, even though every
day we fight about little things, but you should know, I love you, Re! I'm
comfortable with you."
I was speechless.
"Re? Please, tell me something"
"M..m .. what should I say?"
"Do you love me?"
I answer with a
nod.
"Do you want to be my best friend and also be
my girlfriend?"
"Hmm.. Ya" My cheeks
flushed and Aska pinched my
cheek.
It was a special
day in my life. Likewise the
current. After seven years I spend time with him. Finally, another week, my
dreams will be come true. He will make an oath for a sacred promise of
marriage. and I hope It will until the last, forever with him..
Tha author : Nurul Fathia Salma
Friday, 24th March 2017
Rabu, 22 Maret 2017
Essay Writing : Technology for Students
The Example of Essay Writing
Topic : “Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help
of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more
quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Technology for
Students
In the era of Globalization,
technology has undergone many enhancement especially in education field.
Nowadays, the education becomes easier than before due to the development of technology that has changed our world to
the best. I agree with the use of technology which helpful for students and
teachers. It ease the students to get
information as much as they need. It is very helpful as a reference's of the
students when they have assignments. Beside that, technology can be used as a
supporting tool in the implementation of teaching and learning that is used by
the teacher in the classroom. As a result, they can learn quicker than the
previous generations. The following paragraph will outline the contents more
clearly.
Previously, the students were
difficult to get the information due of the limitations of the technology, but
not for now. Technology has been growing very rapidly in various fields. This
is very helpful in many activities without spent a lot of time in education
field. Not only for the students, but it also useful for teachers. The student
can improve their creativity by using technology to make a presentation. For
example, they can used computer or laptop to make a slide or movie by using
Power Point Aplication and Movie Maker to complete their project. Futhermore,
they can communication with the teachers via Email by using technology such as
smarthphone, laptop and computer because some teachers ask the student to send
their assignment via Email to reduce the use of paper.
In other words, they can use
computer or smartphone with internet facility which make the students easily to
get information from all over the world. They can bring smartphone to the
school to help them in the learnng process even though there are students who
may be using it just for chatting or playing social media that can disrupt the
learning process. But that is not a obstacle. The teacher can supervise them by
giving rules such as “may only use smartphone when the teachers asked”. As a
result the students easily gain the knowledge from experts without having to
meet. They can read a lot of books through the news, journal or even paper
without going to the library.
Likewise, technology has capability to improve how
teachers run their classroom. Technology can be used as a supporting tool in
the implementation of teaching and learning process,such as ; laptop as a
facilitator to share material subject,
projector (in focus) used to ease in carrying out of presentation. So, the
teachers and the student must be active and creative in using the technology to
keep up with the education to other countries.
Technology will always be advancing. It will continue to
make easier for education field, make students more intellectual about the
world as a whole. These innovations in technology continue to evolve to fulfill
the needs of people, especially for students.
Well, I have tried to write an
essay wraiting. I hope it will be useful and I’m sorry if there are errors in
my writing. Happy reading!!
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